Publications

Gurpreet Kaur, Mangalampalli Ravikanth

     The triphyrin(2.1.1) macrocycles consist of three pyrrole rings connected via four meso-carbons. These macrocycles are 14π aromatic contracted congeners of 18π porphyrin(1.1.1.1)s containing one less pyrrole ring than porphyrins. Triphyrin(2.1.1)s are monoanionic ligands with a smaller cavity than porphyrins but have the potential ability to form coordination complexes like porphyrins. Recently, researchers have developed very facile (2 + 1) condensation approach with readily available precursors to synthesize meso-tetraaryl triphyrin(2.1.1)s in 15–18% yields. This stimulated more research on triphyrin(2.1.1)s and different meso- and β-functionalized triphyrin(2.1.1)s have been synthesized and used for the synthesis of more complex triphyrin(2.1.1) based systems. This chapter presents an overview of the synthesis, functionalization, coordination chemistry, structure and properties of various triphyrin(2.1.1) macrocycles reported up to mid-2022.